Zogulitsa zotentha

PCB ndiye chidule cha bolodi yosindikizidwa mu Chingerezi. Mabwalo osindikizidwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma conductive opangidwa ndi mabwalo osindikizidwa, zigawo zosindikizidwa, kapena kuphatikiza ziwirizo, kutengera mapangidwe omwe adakonzedweratu pazida zotetezera. Njira yoyendetsera yomwe imapereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa zigawo zomwe zili pagawo lotsekereza zimatchedwa dera losindikizidwa. Mwanjira iyi, mabwalo osindikizidwa kapena matabwa omalizidwa a mabwalo osindikizidwa amatchedwa matabwa osindikizira, omwe amadziwikanso kuti matabwa osindikizidwa kapena matabwa osindikizira. Pa PCB yofunikira kwambiri, mbalizo zimakhazikika mbali imodzi ndipo mawaya amakhazikika mbali inayo. Chifukwa mawaya amangowoneka mbali imodzi, timatcha PCB yamtunduwu kuti PCB yambali imodzi. Chifukwa ma PCB okhala ndi mbali imodzi ali ndi malire okhwima pamapangidwe ozungulira, popeza ali ndi mbali imodzi yokha, mawaya sangadutse ndipo amayenera kuyendetsedwa paokha.

Flexible PCB yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndipo yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga zamagetsi. Iwo akhoza kusintha kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za PCBs kusintha, monga zipangizo wearable, ziwalo yokumba, zipangizo zachipatala, RFID zigawo, etc. Okhwima kusintha PCB ndi m'malo PCB okhwima, zopangidwa PCB zakuthupi koma ndi makhalidwe kupinda. Kuphatikiza okhwima ndi kusintha PCB zimagwiritsa ntchito mafoni ndi zinthu kuvala. Ma PCB osinthika pang'ono komanso osasunthika amapereka mapangidwe olimba okhala ndi kusinthasintha kowonjezera kusuntha kapena kugwedeza zida zamagulu.

Ma PCB okhazikika okhazikika amatha kupindika, kupindika, kapena kuzungulira, kenako kuphatikizidwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amapereka kusavuta, kusinthasintha, komanso kuyenda kwa zida zonyamulika. Zimaphatikizapo makhadi okulitsa ndi mabatire pa laputopu kapena makompyuta apakompyuta. PCB yosinthika pang'ono imatha kupindika kapena kupindika, koma siyosinthika ngati bolodi yosakanikirana yolimba. Ndiwothandizanso pazida zonyamulika chifukwa safuna kulumikizana mokhazikika m'malo omwe anthu oyenda pansi ali ndi anthu ambiri, chifukwa amatha kupindika osasweka kapena kulekanitsa. Cholemba ichi chabulogu chidzasanthula machitidwe osiyanasiyana a PCB osinthika okhazikika komanso mapangidwe osinthika a PCB.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Printed Circuit Board kapena Printed Circuit Board. Multilayer kusindikizidwa matabwa amanena matabwa kusindikizidwa ndi zigawo zoposa ziwiri, amene wapangidwa ndi mawaya kulumikiza pa zigawo zingapo insulating substrates ndi solder ziyangoyango ntchito kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcherera zigawo zamagetsi. Sikuti amangokhala ndi ntchito yoyendetsa mabwalo amtundu uliwonse, komanso amakhala ndi ntchito yolumikizirana.

PCB multilayer board imatanthawuza gulu lozungulira lamitundu yambiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawaya amtundu umodzi kapena awiri. Bolodi losindikizidwa lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza wamkati wamkati, zigawo ziwiri zakunja zambali imodzi, kapena zigawo ziwiri zamkati zamkati, ndi zigawo ziwiri zakunja zambali imodzi, ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi zithunzi zowongolera molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kudzera pamakina oyika komanso kutsekereza zipangizo zomangira, amakhala anayi kapena asanu wosanjikiza kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, amatchedwanso Mipikisano wosanjikiza kusindikizidwa dera bolodi.

Chitsulo chachitsulo chosungunula chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza, chosanjikiza chotchinga, ndi chozungulira chamkuwa. Ndizitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala zamagulu amagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi zosanjikiza zotentha, mbale yachitsulo, ndi zojambulazo zachitsulo. Ili ndi ma conductivity apadera a maginito, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, komanso ntchito yabwino yopangira.

Chigawo chachitsulo chosungunula zitsulo chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, chosanjikiza chotchinga, ndi chozungulira chamkuwa. Chosanjikiza chapamwamba ndi chingwe chozungulira chamkuwa, chomwe poyamba chimakhala ndi mkuwa. Malingana ndi zofunikira zogwirizanitsa magetsi, dera likhoza kugwedezeka mu dera lofunika. Mphamvu transistor pachimake, dalaivala ulamuliro Chip, etc. akhoza mwachindunji soldered pa mkuwa atavala dera wosanjikiza. Kuti atsogolere kuwotcherera ndi kupewa makutidwe ndi okosijeni, solder PAD wokutidwa ndi Ti, Pt, Cu, Au ndi mafilimu ena golide woonda, ndi makulidwe makulidwe a microns 35, 50, 70105140; Wosanjikiza wapakatikati ndi wosanjikiza wapakatikati, womwe nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi nsalu ya epoxy glass fiber nsalu yokhala ndi matenthedwe abwino, epoxy resin, kapena filimu ya dielectric yodzaza ndi zida za ceramic. makulidwe ake amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: 50, 75, 100, 150 microns.

High frequency PCB board amatanthauza mtundu wapadera wa bolodi wozungulira wokhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba amagetsi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama frequency apamwamba (ma frequency akulu kuposa 300MHz kapena wavelength zosakwana 1 mita) ndi ma microwave (ma frequency akulu kuposa 3GHz kapena kutalika kwa mafunde osakwana 0.1 mita) . Ndi bwalo dera opangidwa pa mayikirowevu gawo lapansi mkuwa atavala bolodi ntchito njira wamba okhwima gulu kupanga gulu kapena njira yapadera processing.

Gawo lolemera la PCB lamkuwa ndi gawo lomwe likukula pakupanga kwathu. Kuti tithandizire gawo lofunikirali, tikupanga maubwenzi anthawi yayitali ndi mafakitale angapo omwe amasankhidwa mosamala pakufufuza kwathu.

HDI PCB (High Density Interconnect PCB) ndi bolodi yolumikizana ndi kachulukidwe yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikwaniritse maulumikizidwe ambiri komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono m'malo ochepa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi zovuta monga mafoni am'manja, mapiritsi, ndi makompyuta.

Gulu loyang'anira dera la HDI PCB limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga, monga mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, mabowo okwiriridwa akhungu, zopinga zophatikizika, ndi kulumikizana kwapakati. Matekinoloje awa amathandizira ma HDI PCBs kuti akwaniritse kachulukidwe wapamwamba wamalumikizidwe ndi mapangidwe ozungulira ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa cha kupanga ndi zofunika mkulu mwatsatanetsatane matabwa HDI PCB dera, kupanga mtengo wa HDI PCB nthawi zambiri apamwamba poyerekeza matabwa wamba dera. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma PCB a HDI amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta komanso zida zapamwamba kuti akwaniritse kachulukidwe komanso zovuta zake.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe ndi masanjidwe a HDI PCB ma board ozungulira amafunikiranso zida za injiniya komanso kusungitsa nthawi kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera.

Choncho, ambiri, mtengo kupanga HDI PCB dera matabwa ndi apamwamba kuposa matabwa chikhalidwe dera. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wake zimakhudzidwanso ndi zinthu zina zambiri, monga kuchuluka kofunikira kwa zigawo, m'lifupi mwa mizere/mipata, zofunika pobowola, ndi zina.

FPC (Flexible Circuit Board) ndi mtundu wa PCB, womwe umadziwikanso kuti "soft board". FPC imapangidwa ndi magawo osinthika monga filimu ya polyimide kapena poliyesitala, yomwe ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mawaya akuluakulu, kulemera kwake, makulidwe owonda, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Imatha kupirira mamiliyoni opindika osunthika popanda kuwononga mawaya, ndipo imatha kusuntha ndikukula molingana ndi zofunikira za masanjidwe a malo kuti ikwaniritse msonkhano wamitundu itatu, kukwaniritsa kuphatikiza kwa gawo limodzi ndi kulumikizana kwa waya. Zili ndi ubwino womwe mitundu ina ya matabwa a dera sangafanane nayo.

FPC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamakina tcheru chifukwa kusinthasintha kwake kumalola matabwa ozungulira kukana kugwedezeka. Ma PCB osinthika amakhala olimba kuposa ma board achikhalidwe, koma kupanga kwawo kumakhala kovutirapo komanso kovuta.

Pawiri-mbali PCB bolodi ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa bolodi PCB mu dera gulu msika. Pali matabwa a PCB a mbali ziwiri okhala ndi zitsulo, Hi-Tg heavy copper foil circuit board, matabwa a PCB athyathyathya ndi okhotakhota, ma PCB apamwamba kwambiri, ma dielectric base high-frequency double side PCB board, etc. ndi oyenera makampani osiyanasiyana zamakono monga telecommunications, magetsi, makompyuta, kulamulira mafakitale, mankhwala digito, zida sayansi ndi maphunziro, zipangizo zachipatala, magalimoto, ndege chitetezo, etc.

Ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito ma PCB amapeza ma PCB a ceramic ali ndi mwayi kuposa ma PCB achikhalidwe opangidwa ndi zida zina. Ubwinowu ndi chifukwa ma PCB a ceramic amapereka magawo oyenera a mabwalo amagetsi okhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba komanso kutsika kocheperako kowonjezera kwamafuta (CTE).

Ceramic PCB ndi yosunthika kwambiri ndipo imatha kusintha PCB yachikhalidwe yathunthu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso magwiridwe antchito ochulukirapo. Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zingapo, monga mabwalo amphamvu kwambiri, ma module a chip-on-board ndi masensa oyandikira.